LinguaLive Research
Evidence maps and transparent methods that separate useful findings from overbroad language-learning claims.
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Automated Speech Assessment Fairness: Risk and Validation Map
An automated speaking score is not fair merely because it is consistent or correlates with an average human rating. A defensible system must define the…
Corrective Feedback Timing in Speaking Practice: Evidence Brief
There is no evidence-based rule that every speaking error should be corrected immediately or that all feedback should wait until the end. Timing interacts with…
Cost per Speaking Hour: A Transparent Comparison Model
Language programmes should compare cost per completed learner speaking hour, not price per seat, scheduled class hour, or app subscription. A class may last 60…
Foreign-Language Speaking Anxiety: Evidence Map and Practice Implications
Foreign-language speaking anxiety is a context-sensitive barrier that can affect participation, attention, willingness to communicate, and self-evaluation. It…
Evaluating Multilingual ASR on Learner Speech: A Methods Brief
Evaluate automatic speech recognition on learner speech with a frozen, held-out test set for every target language and use case, then report transcription…
Measuring Oral Fluency: Metrics and Interpretation Methods Brief
Oral fluency cannot be represented honestly by one speaking-speed number. Research commonly separates observable utterance fluency into speed, breakdown, and…
IELTS, TOEFL, ACTFL, and CEFR Speaking Frameworks Compared
CEFR and ACTFL are broad proficiency frameworks; IELTS Speaking and TOEFL iBT Speaking are test-specific score systems. They overlap in the ability to describe…
Speaking Practice Transfer: A Replicable Evaluation Protocol
A speaking intervention shows transfer when learners improve on a new but construct-relevant communication task, not only on the prompt, script, or feedback…
Technology-Mediated Pronunciation Feedback: Rapid Evidence Map
Technology-mediated pronunciation feedback can help learners notice and practise specific speech features, but the evidence is strongest for bounded training…
What Language-App Efficacy Studies Actually Measure
The phrase “this language app works” is incomplete. A study may show that a selected group improved on reading and listening items after completing a particular…
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