LinguaLive Research
Evidence maps and transparent methods that separate useful findings from overbroad language-learning claims.
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Cost per Speaking Hour: A Transparent Comparison Model
Language programmes should compare cost per completed learner speaking hour, not price per seat, scheduled class hour, or app subscription. A class may last 60…
Foreign-Language Speaking Anxiety: Evidence Map and Practice Implications
Foreign-language speaking anxiety is a context-sensitive barrier that can affect participation, attention, willingness to communicate, and self-evaluation. It…
IELTS, TOEFL, ACTFL, and CEFR Speaking Frameworks Compared
CEFR and ACTFL are broad proficiency frameworks; IELTS Speaking and TOEFL iBT Speaking are test-specific score systems. They overlap in the ability to describe…
What Language-App Efficacy Studies Actually Measure
The phrase “this language app works” is incomplete. A study may show that a selected group improved on reading and listening items after completing a particular…
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